Flashcards - Chapter 3 The Living Units (TB) ~ Life News

rates by which ion channels open and close ● Nongated ion channels play key roles in non-neuronal cells because: ○ All of the answers are correct. ■ They allow K+ ions to move down its concentration gradient; they are responsible for the cell's resting membrane potential...Calcium ions diffuse from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bind to troponin. This binding to troponin causes tropomyosin- which at rest blocks the actin-myosin binding sites- moves to expose these binding sites. The myosin heads have a molecules of ATP attatched which is hydrolysed into ADP and Pi...calcium ion concentration is regulated membrane of muscle cell and this is called a sarcolemma sarcolemma so our comma looks or sarcolemma I it goes down this t tubules so the information from the neuron you could imagine the action potential then turns into a kind of a chemical signal which...A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells shared the common feature of contraction in response to different stimuli.In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in _. cells of the immune system recognizing the tumorous cells as foreign and destroying them. The myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) undergoes a significant amount of physical stress due to its contractions.

Describe the role of calcium ions and ATP during muscle contraction

In heart muscle cells, most of the calcium is stored inside a chamber named the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ion Channel: ↑ Gate-like structures in heart muscle cells that allow charged particles to enter or leave the cell. Ryanodine Receptor: ↑ An important calcium gate located within heart...Where are calcium ions stored in muscle cells? Skeletal muscle fibers differ from typical cells in that these muscle fibers have many nuclei. The skeletal muscle store calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.Without bones, muscles, and joints, we couldn't stand, walk, run, or even sit. The musculoskeletal system supports our bodies, protects our organs The amounts of some vitamins and minerals that you eat, especially vitamin D and calcium, directly affect how much calcium is stored in the bones.Question: In Muscle Cells, Calcium Ions Are Stored In Which Of The Following? A. SR B. Calsequestrin C. Mitochondria D. Only A And B E. All Of In muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in which of the following? a. SR. b. Calsequestrin. c. mitochondria. d. only a and b. e. all of the above.

Role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells... | Khan Academy

Ca2+ ions play an important role in muscle contraction by creating interactions between the proteins, myosin and actin. The Ca2+ ions bind to the C component of the actin filament, which exposes the binding site for the myosin head to bind to in order to stimulate a muscle contraction.Calcium is a crucial part of muscle contraction. The ionic element is released from muscles during contraction and relaxation. As an action potential reaches a muscle cell, it triggers calcium to release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the cells.Both potassium and sodium ions can "leak" through the cell membrane due to diffusion. 2. Which statement best describes transcytosis? transporting an endoscope from one side of a cell to the other and releasing the contents by exocytosis. 3. In certain kinds of muscle cells...Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum which binds to troponin C ,uncovering the myosin binding site on action and hence cross Figure: The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle, visualized here using light microscopy.ANSWER: Intracellular calcium is stored in organelles which repetitively release and then reaccumulate Ca2+ ions in response to A pet store or pet shop is a retail business which sells different kinds of animals to the public. 042 How Calcium ion release results in Muscle Contraction.

Home Take Quiz Which of the next is right regarding the generation of a membrane possible?

A) Both potassium and sodium ions can "leak" throughout the mobile membrane due to diffusion.B) In the polarized state, sodium and potassium ion concentrations are in static equilibrium.C) The repairs of the possible is primarily based exclusively on diffusion processes.D) When the sodium-potassium pump is activated, potassium is pumped into the mobile two times as rapid because the sodium is pumped out, thus causing the membrane potential.

A) Both potassium and sodium ions can "leak" during the cellular membrane because of diffusion.

Which commentary very best describes transcytosis?

A) recycling the contents of the endosome back to the surface of the cellB) combining an endosome with a lysosome and degrading or liberating the contentsC) transporting an endosome from one aspect of a mobile to the other and freeing the contents via exocytosisD) storing the contents of the endosome

C) transporting an endosome from one side of a mobile to the opposite and liberating the contents by exocytosis

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in ________.

A) the smooth ERB) the rough ERC) both clean and tough ERD) the cytoplasm

A) the graceful ER

The RNA liable for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" website for protein formation is ________.

A) ssRNAB) tRNAC) rRNAD) mRNA

B) tRNA

A crimson blood cell placed in natural water would ________.

A) shrinkB) swell to start with, then shrink as equilibrium is reachedC) neither shrink nor swellD) swell and burst

D) swell and burst

Which of the next describes the plasma membrane?

A) a double layer of protein enclosing the plasmaB) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cellC) a membrane composed of tiny cabinets or cristaeD) the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the mobile

D) the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the mobile

Which of those isn't a serve as of the plasma membrane?

A) It is selectively permeable.B) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and popularity.C) It encloses the cell contents.D) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cellular.

D) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the mobile.

Which buildings are fingerlike projections that very much increase the soaking up surface of cells?

A) flagellaB) microvilliC) stereociliaD) cilia

B) microvilli

Which of the next statements is correct referring to diffusion?

A) The decrease the temperature, the speedier the diffusion fee.B) The larger the concentration of gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.C) Molecular weight of a substance does no longer affect the rate of diffusion.D) The charge of diffusion is independent of temperature.

B) The greater the focus of gradient, the faster the velocity of diffusion.

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated job of cells by way of bodily binding them together into a mobile group include all of the following aside from ________.

A) peroxisomesB) tight junctionsC) desmosomesD) hole junctions

A) peroxisomes

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what may happen?

A) The cells will swell and ultimately burst.B) The cells will lose water and shrink.C) The cells will shrink to start with, but will later reach equilibrium with the encompassing solution and return to their authentic situation.D) The cells will display no trade due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.

B) The cells will lose water and shrink.

Which of the following is not a subcellular structure?

A) intercellular materialB) cytoplasmC) membranesD) organelles

A) intercellular subject material

Once solid subject material is phagocytized and taken right into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what occurs?

A) Nitrogen enters the vacuole and "burns" the enclosed forged subject material.B) The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the cast material persists unchanged.C) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed cast subject material.D) A ribosome enters the vacuole and makes use of the amino acids in the "invader" to shape new protein.

C) A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed cast material.

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to show protein synthesis on or off in response to _________.

A) adjustments in the environmentB) specific codes from the DNAC) the presence or absence of ubiquitinsD) explicit tRNAs

A) changes in the surroundings

Which of the next is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

A) circulating antibodyB) oxygen transportC) paperwork a lipid bilayerD) molecular delivery during the membrane

D) molecular shipping in the course of the membrane

Which of the following statements is right kind regarding RNA?

A) If the base collection of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template might be UCCAGU.B) rRNA is always hooked up to the tough ER.C) There is exactly one explicit kind of mRNA for every amino acid.D) Messenger RNA, switch RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a job in protein synthesis.

D) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

Which of the next would now not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?

A) glycolipidsB) messenger RNAC) glycoproteinsD) phospholipids

B) messenger RNA

Mitosis ________.

A) creates diversity in genetic potentialB) is the formation of sex cellsC) produces nucleus replicationD) all the time effects in department of a cell

C) produces nucleus replication

The electron microscope has printed that one of the parts inside the cellular consists of microtubules organized to shape a hollow tube. This structure is a ________.

A) centrosomeB) centrioleC) ribosomeD) chromosome

B) centriole

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

A) lysosomeB) microtubuleC) melaninD) cilia

C) melanin

Which of the following is not an element that binds cells in combination?

A) glycolipids in the glycocalyxB) wavy contours of the membranes of adjoining cellsC) glycoproteins in the glycocalyx D) special membrane junctions

C) glycoproteins in the glycocalyx

If the nucleotide or base collection of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then what will be the series of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

A) UGCAAB) GUACCC) ACGTTD) TGCAA

A) UGCAA

Which shipping process is the main mechanism for the movement of maximum macromolecules by body cells?

A) receptor-mediated endocytosisB) secondary active transportC) pinocytosisD) phagocytosis

A) receptor-mediated endocytosis

Caveolae are intently related to all however which of the following?

A) enzymes concerned in mobile metabolismB) receptors for hormonesC) enzymes concerned in cellular regulationD) lipid rafts

A) enzymes concerned in cell metabolism

Passive membrane delivery processes come with ________.

A) motion of a substance down its focus gradientB) consumption of ATPC) the use of shipping proteins when shifting substances from spaces of low to top concentrationD) movement of water from a space of low focus to an area of high focus

A) movement of a substance down its focus gradient

Enzymes called _________ smash the mobile's DNA and cytoskeleton, producing a snappy dying of the cell.

A) cyclinsB) DNA polymerase IIIC) caspasesD) ubiquitins

C) caspases

Mitochondria ________.

A) contain some of the DNA and RNA code essential for their own functionB) are all the time the similar shapeC) are single-membrane constructions concerned in the breakdown of ATPD) synthesize proteins to be used outdoor the cellular

A) comprise some of the DNA and RNA code important for their own function

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi equipment functionally act in collection to synthesize and regulate proteins for secretory use (export) best, by no means for use by way of the cell. This statement is ________.

A) false; integral cellular membrane proteins are additionally synthesized this wayB) trueC) false; proteins thus manufactured are to be used inside the cellular onlyD) false; lipids, no longer proteins, are synthesized this way

A) false; integral cellular membrane proteins are additionally synthesized this way

Peroxisomes ________.

A) are in a position to detoxify ingredients by enzymatic actionB) are often known as microbodies, and contain acid hydrolasesC) on occasion function as secretory vesiclesD) function to digest particles ingested through endocytosis

A) are in a position to detoxify ingredients by means of enzymatic action

DNA replication ________.

A) happens best in translationally active areasB) will also be referred to as mitosisC) takes position throughout interphase of the mobile cycleD) is spontaneous, not requiring enzyme action

C) takes place right through interphase of the cell cycle

Which statement is essentially the most proper referring to transcription/translation?

A) The nucleotide sequence in a mRNA codon is an exact reproduction of the DNA triplet that coded for it.B) The nucleotide series in a mRNA codon is an exact replica of the DNA triplet that coded for it except for that uracil is substituted for thymine.C) The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is a precise reproduction of the DNA triplet that coded for it.D) The nucleotide series in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it aside from that uracil is substituted for thymine.

D) The nucleotide collection in a tRNA anticodon is an actual replica of the DNA triplet that coded for it apart from that uracil is substituted for thymine.

In the upkeep of the cellular resting membrane potential ________.

A) the secure state comes to most effective passive processes in all cellsB) extracellular sodium ranges are highC) the interior of the cell is certain relative to its outsideD) cells are more permeable to Na+ than K+

B) extracellular sodium ranges are top

Which of the following is a concept of the mobile idea?

A) Simple cells can arise spontaneously from rotting crops.B) The subcellular organelle is the fundamental unit of existence.C) Only higher organisms are composed of cells.D) A cell is the elemental structural and useful unit of dwelling organisms.

D) A mobile is the elemental structural and practical unit of residing organisms.

Which of the next does no longer serve as a signal for cell department?

A) repressor genesB) becoming a member of of cyclins and CdksC) touch inhibitionD) surface-to-volume ratio

A) repressor genes

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of mobile membrane structure?

A) The lipid bilayer is a forged at body temperature, thus protective the mobile.B) All proteins related to the mobile membrane are contained in a fluid layer on the outside of the cellular.C) Phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains.D) Phospholipids shape a bilayer that is in large part impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

D) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is in large part impermeable to water-soluble molecules.

Which of the next statements is most right kind regarding the intracellular chemical alerts referred to as "second messengers"?

A) Second messengers act thru receptors referred to as Ok-proteins.B) Cyclic AMP and calcium is also 2nd messengers.C) Second messengers in most cases inactivate protein kinase enzymes.D) Second messengers usually act to take away nitric oxide (NO) from the mobile.

B) Cyclic AMP and calcium is also 2nd messengers.

The primary part of the cytosol is ________.

A) sugarsB) waterC) saltsD) proteins

B) water

Lysosomes ________.

A) comprise acid hydrolases that are probably dangerous to the cellB) are the foremost web page of protein synthesisC) are at all times used for the cell to "commit suicide"D) maintain a extremely alkaline interior setting

A) include acid hydrolases that are probably dangerous to the cellular

The endomembrane gadget is ________.

A) a gadget of hydrophilic lipid monolayers that surround many mobile organellesB) a system during which cells are riveted together via desmosomesC) an interactive system of organelles whose membranes are bodily or functionally connectedD) the method by which bacteria took up residence in historic cells

C) an interactive machine of organelles whose membranes are bodily or functionally hooked up

The purposes of centrioles include ________.

A) generating ATPB) providing a whiplike beating movement to move ingredients along cellular surfacesC) serving as the website for ribosomal RNA synthesisD) organizing the mitotic spindle in cell department

D) organizing the mitotic spindle in cellular division

A gene can absolute best be defined as ________.

A) a three-base triplet that specifies a selected amino acidB) a section of DNA that carries the directions for one polypeptide chainC) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides longD) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide

B) a phase of DNA that carries the directions for one polypeptide chain

Extracellular matrix is ________.

A) composed of strands of actin proteinB) a type of impermeable mobile junction discovered in epitheliaC) the most abundant extracellular materialD) no longer provide in connective tissue

C) probably the most considerable extracellular material

Crenation is prone to occur in blood cells in ________.

A) blood plasmaB) a hypotonic solutionC) a hypertonic solutionD) an isotonic solution

C) a hypertonic answer

Some hormones input cells by means of ________.

A) receptor-mediated endocytosisB) exocytosisC) pinocytosisD) endocytosis

A) receptor-mediated endocytosis

If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it will attach to a(n) ________ mRNA codon.

A) UGAB) AUGC) UCGD) TCG

C) UCG

Cells are composed basically of ________.

A) calcium, oxygen, sodium, potassiumB) carbon, potassium, sodium, nitrogen C) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygenD) carbon, sodium, nitrogen, calcium

C) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

The RNA that has an anticodon and attaches to a selected amino acid is ________ RNA.

switch

Water might move thru membrane pores constructed by means of transmembrane proteins called ________.

aquaporins

________ is the department of the cytoplasmic mass into two parts.

Cytokinesis

The metabolic or expansion phase of a cellular life cycle is known as ________.

interphase

In order for the DNA molecule to get "short and fat" to transform a chromosome, it should first wrap round small molecules referred to as ________.

histones

________ are hole tubes made of round protein subunits called tubulins.

Microtubules

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ________.

mitochondria

Two crucial 2nd messengers used in the G protein-linked receptor mechanism are cyclic AMP and ________.

ionic calcium

The maximum not unusual extracellular ion is ________.

sodium

The process of discharging particles from inside of a mobile to the outdoor is called ________.

exocytosis

A crimson blood cellular would swell if its surrounding resolution have been ________.

hypotonic

A ________ is a channel between cells.

connexon

Each daughter cellular attributable to mitotic mobile division has precisely as many chromosomes because the father or mother cellular. True or FalseTrue False

True

Apoptosis is programmed cellular suicide, but most cancers cells fail to undergo apoptosis. True or FalseTrue False

True

DNA contains "dark matter" that codes for particular structural proteins. True or FalseTrue False

False;

Final preparation for mobile department is made all the way through the mobile life cycle subphase referred to as G2. True or FalseTrue False

True

Chromatin is composed of DNA and RNA. True or FalseTrue False

False;

In osmosis, motion of water happens toward the answer with the lower solute concentration. True or FalseTrue False

False

The genetic knowledge is coded in DNA via the common alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules. True or FalseTrue False

False

A process in which large debris could also be taken into the cell for food, coverage of the frame, or for disposing of old or useless cells is called phagocytosis. True or FalseTrue False

True

The orderly collection of the stages of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. True or FalseTrue False

True

Diffusion is at all times from areas of larger to areas of lesser concentration. True or FalseTrue False

True

Facilitated diffusion always calls for a provider protein. True or FalseTrue False

False; not always

DNA transcription is another phrase for DNA replication. True or FalseTrue False

False; they are other.

The glycocalyx is steadily referred to as the "cell coat," which is slightly fuzzy and sticky with a lot of ldl cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cellular membrane. True or FalseTrue False

False

In their resting state, all frame cells show off a resting membrane doable ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts. True or FalseTrue False

False

Microfilaments are skinny strands of the contractile protein myosin. True or FalseTrue False

False; actin

Interstitial fluid represents one kind of extracellular subject matter. True or FalseTrue False

True

The mobile (plasma) membrane generally comprises considerable amounts of ldl cholesterol. True or FalseTrue False

True

Aquaporins are believed to be present in purple blood cells and kidney tubules, but very few different cells in the frame. True or FalseTrue False

False

Most organelles are bounded via a membrane this is relatively other in construction from the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. True or FalseTrue False

False

Only one cell type in the human frame has a flagellum. True or FalseTrue False

True

Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin. True or FalseTrue False

True

Telomeres are the regions of chromosomes that code for the protein ubiquitin. True or FalseTrue False

False

Nitric oxide might act as a biological messenger. True or FalseTrue False

True